When the heart can't pump blood effectively, it reduces oxygen and nutrient supply to the body. This poor circulation can lead to complications in organs like the kidneys, brain, and lungs. As a result, multiple systems may begin to fail or function poorly. Heart failure often causes widespread health problems beyond the heart itself.

Interventional cardiology specializes in diagnosing and treating heart and vascular conditions using minimally invasive procedures, typically through small incisions in the wrist or groin.

Cardiovascular diseases are problems with the heart and blood vessels that can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and poor blood flow. Common types include coronary artery disease, heart failure, and irregular heartbeats. Risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and lack of exercise increase the chances of cardiovascular diseases. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medicines, and sometimes surgery.

Cardio-oncology is a medical field that looks at how cancer treatments can affect the heart. Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation may harm the heart, so this specialty helps detect and manage heart problems early. It involves teamwork between heart doctors and cancer doctors to give complete care to patients. The focus is on checking heart health before, during, and after cancer treatment to prevent serious heart issues.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a quick, painless test that records the heart’s electrical activity to help detect rhythm problems, heart attacks, and other cardiac conditions.

Echocardiography is a clear and safe test that uses ultrasound waves to create live images of the heart, helping doctors check how well the heart is working and detect any problems with its structure or function.